The article presents the most signiicant results of the interdisciplinary study of Gonur Depe, the Bronze Age site of Turkmenistan, and separate investigations of the medieval monuments of Turkmenistan, as well as ield research among the Tajiks in Baljuvon and Parhar areas of Tajikistan (2012-2015) and among the Turkmen in Mary province. Based on the analysis of the structure of farmed and harvested animals and cultivated and used plants, different basic types of adaptation strategy to environmental conditions of life support systems are separated: the irst type is not closely related to the conditions of natural areas (Gonur Depe, medieval KyzKala in Ancient Merv) and the second type (New Nisa in the piedmont of Kopet Dagh) is implemented in strict dependence on well-deined climatic conditions and resources inherent in any geographical area. Another situation is demonstrated by Ephtalite cemetery Shakhidon in Tajikistan, where the widespread using of equids in a funeral ceremony relects the nomadic traditions. Studied in the same regions (Bronze Age Altyn Depe, Gonur Depe in Turkmenistan; Buston VI in Uzbekistan; Kushan Ksirov and medieval Shakhidon in Tajikistan) rich paleoanthropological material showed that, despite the widespread individual diseases, the diachronic population demonstrates adaptation to the complex of environmental factors. Paleopathological data, scull and postcranial skeleton phenetics, as well as other systems of traits show that all the studied group of ancient people did not show manifestations of exclusion.

Экология древних и традиционных обществ. Материалы V Международной научной конференции. Тюмень. 7–11 ноября 2016 г. / ред. Н.П. Матвеева
Тюмень: Тюменский государственный университет, 2016 г.
Страницы: 40-43